四、用于文章的开头

　　1. As the proverb says…

　　2. It goes without saying tan…

　　3. Generally speaking…

　　4. It is quite clear than because…

　　5. It is often said that …

　　6. Many people often ask such question:“…？”

　　7. More and more people have come to realize…

　　8. There is no doubt that…

　　9. Some people believe that…

　　10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case?

　　11. One great man said that…

　　12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.

　　13. In the past several years there has been…

　　14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether…

　　15. Currently there is a widespread concern that…

　　16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…

　　17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of …

　　18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.

　　五、用于文章的结尾

　　1. from this point of view…

　　2. in a word…

　　3. in conclusion…

　　4. on account of this we can find that…

　　5. the result is dependent on…

　　6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information:

　　7. thus, this is the reason why we must…

　　8. to sum up …

　　9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that…

　　10. It is obvious that…

　　11. There is little doubt that…

　　12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful

　　13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.

　　14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…

　　15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that…