同义词、近义词是指在概念上虽相同或相近,但在具体语境中,其含义和用法皆有一定差别的词语。这些差异包括语体上、语用上和搭配上的差别。
[例1]
the service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six __________ libraries specially serve the countryside.
a. mobile b. shifting c. drifting d. rotating {1993年6月全真试题}
答案为a. mobile意为"流动的"。 b. shifting"移动的;转换的";c. drifting"漂流的";d. rotating"转动的,旋转的"。
[例2]
last year, the crime rate in chicago has sharply __________ in giving the class lectures.
a. declined b. lessened c. descended d. slipped {1997年6月全真试题}
答案为a. decline意为"下降"。b. lessened"变小,减轻";c. descended "下(山,楼梯等)d. slipped"滑落,跌落"。
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形近义异词
形近义异词指外形结构部分相似但意义却不一样的词,多见于前缀、后缀或词根相同的词汇。
[例3]
the drowning child was saved by dick’s _________ action.
a. acute b. alert c. profound d. prompt {1992年6月全真试题}
答案为d. prompt意为"及时的"。 a. acute"尖锐的";b. alert"警觉的";c. profound"深奥的"。
[例4]
it will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial ________will be conducted by computer.
a. transactions b. transmissions c. transitions d. transformations {1997年6月全真试题}
答案为a. transactions意为"交易"。b. transmissions"传递,传达";c. transitions"过渡,转变";d. transformations"变化,改造"。
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同词类不同词义的词
这种试题主要是考察考生的词汇量的大小,因为所考的词语并非很常用。在近几年的考题里这种考题的数量占有的比例很大。
[例5]
if a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of ________.
a. assurance b. persuasion c. encouragement d. confirmation {1997年6月全真试题}
答案为c. encouragement意为"鼓励"。a. assurance"肯定";b. persuasion"劝说";d. confirmation"证实"。
[例6]
recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ________ a violent act previously seen on television.
a. modifying b. duplicating c. accelerating d. stimulating {1992年6月全真试题}
答案为b. duplicating意为"模仿"。a. modifying"缓和,减轻";c. accelerating"加速";d. stimulating"刺激,激发"。
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短语动词
短语动词指由动词加上介词或副词构成的短语。其中动词多为单音节的词。短语动词具有明显的约定俗成的特点,在语法上起动词的作用;在语义上往往并非是各词相加而成,而是具有其独立的意义。